PEMBUATAN SIRUP TINGGI ANTIOKSIDAN BERBAHAN DASAR TEMPE DAN BROKOLI
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes hyperglycemia which adversely affects cells and organs. The administration might try to overcome the complications problem in diabetes of high antioxidant syrup. Broccoli, tempeh, snakehead fish and supporting ingredients, and turmeric are food ingredients that increase insulin secretion and activate insulin. This study aimed to make a high-antioxidant syrup formula using broccoli and tempeh as a based ingredient added with snakehead fish, turmeric, and honey as diabetic syrup. Syrup formulation was carried out through laboratory experiments using a completely randomized design. As a treatment in the formulation was the proportion of broccoli and tempeh extract with ratios of 90:10 (P1), 80:20 (P2), 70:30 (P3), and 60:40 (P4). Additional ingredients, namely snakehead fish extract, turmeric, honey, and maltodextrin, were added to obtain good syrup characteristics. The syrup qualities were assessed on their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, chromium content, sensory qualities, and the best treatment selection. The resulting antioxidant syrup posed inherent characteristics as brownish, slightly unpleasant aroma, and sweet taste. The syrup contained chromium and antioxidant activity between 61.404 – 91.1.6 ug/100mL and 52-73%, respectively. The chromium level has complied with BPOM and EFSA regulations. The chromium content and antioxidant activity of the syrup decreased with the proportion of broccoli extract used. Using tempeh in the formulation improved the sensory quality of the syrup. The P4 was selected as the most accepted syrup formulation. Syrup for diabetics containing antioxidants and chromium, according to standards, can be formulated using broccoli and tempeh extract with a ratio of 60:40.
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References
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25. Aisyatussoffi N, Abdulgani DN, Si M, et al. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Ikan Gabus (. J Sains dan Seni Pomits. 2013;2(1):2337-3520.
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27. BPOM RI. Keputusan Kepala Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.00.05.23.3644 tentang Ketentuan Pokok Pengawasan Suplemen Makanan. Published online 2004:26. http://www.pom.go.id/pom/hukum_perundangan/pdf/final kep_lampiran.pdf
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29. Dwipajati. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Brokoli Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Tikus Wistar Diabetes (Skripsi). Published online 2010. Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang
30. Food E, Authority S. Scientific Opinion on the safety of chromium picolinate as a source of chromium added for nutritional purposes to foodstuff for particular nutritional uses and to foods intended for the general population. EFSA J. 2010;8(12):1-49. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1883
31. Amalia F. The Effect of Honey in Diabetes Mellitus. J Major. 2015;4(2):6-11.
32. Rauf R, Utami A. Nutrition value and viscosity of polymeric enteral nutrition products based on purple sweet potato flour with variation of maltodextrin levels. J Gizi Indones (The Indones J Nutr. 2020;8(2):119-125. doi:10.14710/jgi.8.2.119-125
33. Hidayatul M. Jus Sayuran Rasa Buah Sebagai Minuman Kesehatan Inovatif.; 2011. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama.
34. Depitri, Maulana I, Sadiyah ER. Studi Literatur Perbandingan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antiinflamasi dari Ekstrak Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica Val.) di Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh dan Jepang. Pros Farm. 2021;1(1):130-133.
35. Azemi AK, Mustapha S, Mohammed M, Rasool AHG, Review of Pharmacological Properties of Channa Striatus (Haruan) In Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications. Med Pharmacol. 2021;1(1):1-13. doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0200.v1
36. Kuligowski M, Pawłowska K, Jasińska-Kuligowska I, Nowak J. Composición de isoflavonas, contenido de polifenoles y actividad antioxidante de las semillas de soja durante fermentación de tempeh. CYTA - J Food. 2017;15(1):27-33. doi:10.1080/19476337.2016.1197316
37. Xu ML, Liu J, Zhu C, et al. Interactions between soy isoflavones and other bioactive compounds: a review of their potentially beneficial health effects. Phytochem Rev. 2015;14(3):459-467. doi:10.1007/s11101-015-9398-0
38. Zaheer K, Humayoun Akhtar M. An updated review of dietary isoflavones: Nutrition, processing, bioavailability and impacts on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57(6):1280-1293. doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.989958
39. Rosyidi CA. Efek Ekstrak Daun Insulin “ Smallanthus Sonchifolia” Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah, Berat Badan, Dan Kadar Trigliserida Pada Tikus Diabetes Strain Sprague Dawley Yang Diinduksi Aloksan (Skripsi).; 2014.UIN syarif Hidayatullah Malang
40. Maria Rosiana N, Khoiriyah T. Yogurt Tinggi Antioksidan dan Rendah Gula dari Sari Buah Apel Rome Beauty dan Madu. J Ilmu dan Teknol Has Ternak. 2018;13(2):81-90.
2. Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
3. Ngugi MP, Njagi J, Kibiti C, Ngeranwa JJN. Metabolic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus : A Review. J BiolSci. 2012;2(January):37-49.
4. ikmal SIQS, Huri HZ, Vethakkan SR WAW. Potential Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. 2013;2013(Mi).
5. Nadeem A, Naveed AK, Hussain MM, Raza SI. Correlation of inflammatory markers with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistani patients. J Postgrad Med Inst. 2013;27(3):267-273.
6. Simsek S, Van Den Oever I a M, Raterman HG, Nurmohamed MT. Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetes mellitus. Mediators Inflamm. 2010;2010(ID 9932393):15. doi:10.1155/2010/792393
7. Montane J, Cadavez L, Novials A. Stress and the inflammatory process: A major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther. 2014;7(February):25-34. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S37649
8. Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022;45(11):2753-2786. doi:10.2337/dci22-0034
9. Nazarian-Samani Z, Sewell RDE, Lorigooini Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Medicinal Plants with Multiple Effects on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: a Systematic Review. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(10). doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1042-0
10. Alkhatib AJ. Chromium in controlling diabetes and metabolic aspects. Adv Obesity, Weight Manag Control. 2021;11(3):86-88. doi:10.15406/aowmc.2021.11.00340
11. Elbarbry F, Elrody N. Potential health benefits of sulforaphane: A RE of the experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidences and underlying mechanisms. J Med Plants Res. 2011;5(4):473-484.
12. Suresh S, Waly MI, Rahman MS, et al. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Reduces Oxidative Damage to Pancreatic Tissue and Combats Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2017;22(4):277-284. doi:10.3746/pnf.2017.22.4.277
13. Wieczorek MN, Walczak M, Skrzypczak-Zielińska M, Jeleń HH. Bitter taste of Brassica vegetables: The role of genetic factors, receptors, isothiocyanates, glucosinolates, and flavor context. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(18):3130-3140. doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1353478
14. Wieczorek MN, Jelen HH. Volatile compounds of selected raw and cooked Brassica vegetables. Molecules. 2019;24(3). doi:10.3390/molecules24030391
15. Morales-Blancas EF, Chandia VE, Cisneros-Zevallos L. Thermal inactivation kinetics of peroxidase and lipoxygenase from broccoli, green asparagus and carrots. J Food Sci. 2002;67(1):146-154. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11375.x
16. Ghozali DS, Handharyani E, Rimbawan R. Pengaruh Tempe terhadap Kadar Gula Darah dan Kesembuhan Luka pada Tikus Diabetik. CDK. 2010;37(3):1-7.
17. El-Kordy EA, Alshahrani AM. Effect of genistein, a natural soy isoflavone, on pancreatic β-cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Histological and immunohistochemical study. J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2015;3(3):108-119. doi:10.1016/j.jmau.2015.03.005
18. Kwon DY, Daily JW, Kim HJ, Park S. Antidiabetic effects of fermented soybean products on type 2 diabetes. Nutr Res. 2010;30(1):1-13. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2009.11.004
19. Ahnan-Winarno AD, Cordeiro L, Winarno FG, Gibbons J, Xiao H. Tempeh: A semicentennial review on its health benefits, fermentation, safety, processing, sustainability, and affordability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021;20(2):1717-1767. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12710
20. Perez-Torres I, Ruiz-Ramirez A, Banos G, El-Hafidi M. Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linnaeus (Malvaceae), Curcumin and Resveratrol as Alternative Medicinal Agents Against Metabolic Syndrome. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2013;11(1):25-37. doi:10.2174/1871525711311010006
21. Zhang DW, Fu M, Gao SH, Liu JL. Curcumin and diabetes: A systematic review. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2013;6(3):1-16. doi:10.1155/2013/636053
22. Marton LT, Pescinini-e-Salzedas LM, Camargo MEC, et al. The Effects of Curcumin on Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12(May). doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.669448
23. Prastari C, Yasni S, Nurilmala M. Characterization of snakehead fish protein that’s potential as antihyperglikemik. J Pengolah Has Perikan Indones. 2017;20(2):413. doi:10.17844/jphpi.v20i2.18109
24. Soniya F, Fauziah M. Efektivitas Ekstrak Ikan Gabus sebagai Antihiperglikemik. J Penelit Perawat Prof. 2020;2(1):65-70. doi:10.37287/jppp.v2i1.45
25. Aisyatussoffi N, Abdulgani DN, Si M, et al. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Ikan Gabus (. J Sains dan Seni Pomits. 2013;2(1):2337-3520.
26. Anderson RA. Chromium as an Essential Nutrient for Humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997;26(1 I):S35-S41. doi:10.1006/rtph.1997.1136
27. BPOM RI. Keputusan Kepala Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.00.05.23.3644 tentang Ketentuan Pokok Pengawasan Suplemen Makanan. Published online 2004:26. http://www.pom.go.id/pom/hukum_perundangan/pdf/final kep_lampiran.pdf
28. Miskah. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Tempe pada Tikus Wistar pra Diabetes (Skripsi). Published online 2008.Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang
29. Dwipajati. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Brokoli Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Tikus Wistar Diabetes (Skripsi). Published online 2010. Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang
30. Food E, Authority S. Scientific Opinion on the safety of chromium picolinate as a source of chromium added for nutritional purposes to foodstuff for particular nutritional uses and to foods intended for the general population. EFSA J. 2010;8(12):1-49. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1883
31. Amalia F. The Effect of Honey in Diabetes Mellitus. J Major. 2015;4(2):6-11.
32. Rauf R, Utami A. Nutrition value and viscosity of polymeric enteral nutrition products based on purple sweet potato flour with variation of maltodextrin levels. J Gizi Indones (The Indones J Nutr. 2020;8(2):119-125. doi:10.14710/jgi.8.2.119-125
33. Hidayatul M. Jus Sayuran Rasa Buah Sebagai Minuman Kesehatan Inovatif.; 2011. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama.
34. Depitri, Maulana I, Sadiyah ER. Studi Literatur Perbandingan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antiinflamasi dari Ekstrak Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica Val.) di Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh dan Jepang. Pros Farm. 2021;1(1):130-133.
35. Azemi AK, Mustapha S, Mohammed M, Rasool AHG, Review of Pharmacological Properties of Channa Striatus (Haruan) In Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications. Med Pharmacol. 2021;1(1):1-13. doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0200.v1
36. Kuligowski M, Pawłowska K, Jasińska-Kuligowska I, Nowak J. Composición de isoflavonas, contenido de polifenoles y actividad antioxidante de las semillas de soja durante fermentación de tempeh. CYTA - J Food. 2017;15(1):27-33. doi:10.1080/19476337.2016.1197316
37. Xu ML, Liu J, Zhu C, et al. Interactions between soy isoflavones and other bioactive compounds: a review of their potentially beneficial health effects. Phytochem Rev. 2015;14(3):459-467. doi:10.1007/s11101-015-9398-0
38. Zaheer K, Humayoun Akhtar M. An updated review of dietary isoflavones: Nutrition, processing, bioavailability and impacts on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57(6):1280-1293. doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.989958
39. Rosyidi CA. Efek Ekstrak Daun Insulin “ Smallanthus Sonchifolia” Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah, Berat Badan, Dan Kadar Trigliserida Pada Tikus Diabetes Strain Sprague Dawley Yang Diinduksi Aloksan (Skripsi).; 2014.UIN syarif Hidayatullah Malang
40. Maria Rosiana N, Khoiriyah T. Yogurt Tinggi Antioksidan dan Rendah Gula dari Sari Buah Apel Rome Beauty dan Madu. J Ilmu dan Teknol Has Ternak. 2018;13(2):81-90.
Authors
Fathurrahman , M. I. ., Heri Santoso , A. ., Kristianto, Y. ., & Dhenok Palupi, F. . (2023). PEMBUATAN SIRUP TINGGI ANTIOKSIDAN BERBAHAN DASAR TEMPE DAN BROKOLI . JURNAL RISET KESEHATAN POLTEKKES DEPKES BANDUNG, 15(2), 317-327. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v15i2.2196
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