Kinetika Formaldehida (HCHO) Dan Ozon (O3) Di Daerah Urban (Studi Kasus Jakarta) (CASE STUDY: JAKARTA)
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Toxic air pollutant, secondary pollutant, ozone precursor, Hydrocarbon Reactivity Pencemar udara toksik, pencemar sekunder, prekursor ozon, reaktivitas hidrokarbon
Abstrak
Formaldehida (HCHO) merupakan senyawa karbonil yang toksik dan berperan penting dalam reaksi kimia atmosfer sebagai sumber radikal dan menjadi prekursor oksidan (terutama ozon). HCHO berasal dari sumber primer (kendaraan bermotor) dan sumber sekunder (reaksi fotokimia). Namun pemantauan dan penelitian tentang konsentrasi senyawa karbonil dan perannya dalam reaksi kimia (pembentukan ozon) pada udara perkotaan di Indonesia masih terbatas. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi dan hubungan antara hidrokarbon (formaldehida) dengan ozon di daerah urban. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer dan data sekunder. Pengukuran formaldehida dilakukan selama dua minggu dengan prinsip absorbsi dan dianalisa secara spektofotometri. Dua metode empiris yang digunakan untuk memprediksi produksi ozon yaitu metode MIR (maximum incremental reactivity) dan metode propana ekuivalen. MIR adalah metode untuk menghitung reaktivitas senyawa organik terhadap pembentukan ozon. Sedangkan metode propana-ekuivalen bertujuan mengetahui ozon berdasarkan laju oksidasi hidrokarbon (formaldehida dan propana). Berdasarkan variasi diurnal ozon, metode MIR memberikan prediksi overestimate sedangkan metode propana ekuivalen memberikan prediksi underestimate. Nilai rerata konsentrasi ozon (µg/m3) yang dihitung yaitu 34,39 (acuan data), 83,93 (metode MIR) dan 9,92 (metode propana ekuivalen). RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) digunakan untuk menghitung rentang kesalahan kedua metode sebesar 81,23 µg/m3 (MIR) dan 31,90 µg/m3 (propana ekuivalen). Kedua metode ini sangat mudah diaplikasikan dan cukup baik untuk digunakan dalam memprediksi konsentrasi ozon ketika data hidrokarbon yang dimiliki sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan model prediksi, dibutuhkan pengembangan alternatif metode prediksi ozon dengan menambah data meteorologis dan konsentrasi hidrokarbon lainnya.
Artikel teks lengkap
Referensi
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Penulis
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