PENILAIAN KINERJA MANAJER KEPERAWATAN BERDASARKAN BALANCED SCORE CARD DAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN: LITERATUR REVIEW
Abstrak
Salah satu alasan perlunya standar penilaian manajer perawat adalah untuk memastikan evaluasi kinerja mereka konsisten dan obyektif. Namun, tidak semua rumah sakit harus menerapkan standar penilaian bagi manajer perawat. alasannya setiap rumah sakit memiliki kebutuhan dan tantangan yang unik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat dijadikan acuan dalam melakukan penilaian kinerja pada level manajer perawat. Fokus penelitian terkait penilaian kinerja manajer perawat berdasarkan fungsi manajemen dan penerapannya sesuai kompetensi manajer perawat ditinjau dari pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Literature review dengan menggunakan diagram alir PRISMA. Pencarian artikel menggunakan 3 database jurnal antara lain Scopus, Google Scholar, dan Pubmed, diperoleh 20 artikel akhir yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2018 hingga 2023. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penilaian kinerja manajer perawat mencakup 4 perspektif Balanced Scorecard (finansial, pelanggan, proses internal, pembelajaran dan pertumbuhan) dan berorientasi pada fungsi manajemen dan lima domain kompetensi inti keperawatan. Penilaian kinerja manajer perawat mencakup kompetensi pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan penerapan peran dan fungsi manajemen (perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan, dan pengendalian) baik dari dimensi sumber daya manusia, lingkungan, dan bisnis atau pengendalian biaya. Penilaian kinerja manajer perawat dapat disesuaikan dengan jenjang atau jalur karir manajer perawat dari level I sampai level V yang terbagi menjadi manajer puncak, menengah, dan rendah. Instrumen penilaian terkait penilaian kinerja manajer perawat belum terstandarisasi dan masih beragam. Beberapa peraturan di Indonesia belum mencakup standar kompetensi dan penilaian bagi manajer perawat.
Artikel teks lengkap
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Referensi
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37. Farajzadeh Z, Hassani H. Evaluate The Performance Of Nursing Managers From Nurses’ Viewpoints In The Hospitals Of Birjand University Of Medical Sciences In 2017. 2020;8(6):4–10.
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2. Mosadeghrad Am. Factors Influencing Healthcare Service Quality. Int J Heal Policy Manag. 2014;3(2):77–89.
3. Babiker A, El Husseini M, Al Nemri A, Al Frayh A, Al Juryyan N, Faki Mo, Et Al. Health Care Professional Development: Working As A Team To Improve Patient Care. Sudan J Paediatr [Internet]. 2014;14(2):9–16. Available From: Http://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pubmed/27493399%0ahttp://Www.Pubmedcentral.Nih.Gov/Articlerender.Fcgi?Artid=Pmc4949805
4. Manghani K. Quality Assurance: Importance Of Systems And Standard Operating Procedures. Perspect Clin Res. 2011;2(1):34.
5. Godsey Ja, Houghton Dm, Hayes T. Registered Nurse Perceptions Of Factors Contributing To The Inconsistent Brand Image Of The Nursing Profession. Nurs Outlook. 2020;68(6):808–21.
6. Hajizadeh A, Zamanzadeh V, Kakemam E, Bahreini R, Khodayari-Zarnaq R. Factors Influencing Nurses Participation In The Health Policy-Making Process: A Systematic Review. Bmc Nurs. 2021;20(1):1–9.
7. Pepito Ja, Locsin R. Can Nurses Remain Relevant In A Technologically Advanced Future? Int J Nurs Sci [Internet]. 2019;6(1):106–10. Available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijnss.2018.09.013
8. Afriani T, Hariyati Rts, Wulandari Df. Relationship Between Nurses’ Readiness And Institutional Readiness In Developing Nursing Career Paths In Public Health Centers. J Keperawatan Indones. 2021;24(1):49–57.
9. Sandehang Pm, Hariyati Rts, Rachmawati In. Nurse Career Mapping: A Qualitative Case Study Of A New Hospital. Bmc Nurs. 2019;18(Suppl 1):1–9.
10. Villacarlos Fa, Daño Jc. The Seven Motivational Characteristics Of Clinical Nursemanagers. Malaysian J Med Res. 2020;4(2):1–13.
11. Gunawan J, Aungsuroch Y, Fisher Ml, Mcdaniel Am, Marzilli C. Managerial Competence Of First-Line Nurse Managers In Public Hospitals In Indonesia. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2020;13:1017–25.
12. Gonçalves I, Mendes Da, Caldeira S, Jesus É, Nunes E. The Primary Nursing Care Model And Inpatients’ Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review And Narrative Synthesis Of Quantitative Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):1–19.
13. Kaonang Mp, Kusumaningrum T, Supriyanto S. The Relationship Between Tools And Management Support With Nurse Practitioners ’ Job Satisfaction. Int J Nurs Heal Serv [Internet]. 2020;3(1):56–60. Available From: Http://Ijnhs.Net/Index.Php/Ijnhs/Article/View/181%0ahttps://Ijnhs.Net/Index.Php/Ijnhs/Article/Download/181/116
14. Alsadaan N, Salameh B, Reshia Faae, Alruwaili Rf, Alruwaili M, Awad Ali Sa, Et Al. Impact Of Nurse Leaders Behaviors On Nursing Staff Performance: A Systematic Review Of Literature. Inq (United States). 2023;60:1–14.
15. Nurmeksela A, Mikkonen S, Kinnunen J, Kvist T. Relationships Between Nurse Managers’ Work Activities, Nurses’ Job Satisfaction, Patient Satisfaction, And Medication Errors At The Unit Level: A Correlational Study. Bmc Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):1–14.
16. Hadi-Moghaddam M, Karimollahi M, Aghamohammadi M. Nurses’ Trust In Managers And Its Relationship With Nurses’ Performance Behaviors: A Descriptive- Correlational Study. Bmc Nurs. 2021;20(1):1–6.
17. Khairunnisa P, Nadjib M. Effect Of Leadership Style On Service Quality And Job Satisfaction Among Hospital Nurses: A Systematic Review. In: The 6th International Conference On Public Health. 2019. P. 295–295.
18. Prawira Sentana R. Management Approach Analysis In Professional Nursing Practice Model And Nurse Work Satisfaction On Nurse Performance In Room Interpreting X Hospital. J Medicoeticolegal Dan Manaj Rumah Sakit. 2017;6(3):231–6.
19. Choi Pp, Lee Wm, Wong Ss, Tiu Mh. Competencies Of Nurse Managers As Predictors Of Staff Nurses’ Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intention. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(18):1–14.
20. Wadham E, Green C, Debattista J, Somerset S, Sav A. New Digital Media Interventions For Sexual Health Promotion Among Young People: A Systematic Review. Sex Health. 2019;16(2):101–23.
21. Rethlefsen Ml, Page Mj. Prisma 2020 And Prisma-S: Common Questions On Tracking Records And The Flow Diagram. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022;110(2):253–7.
22. El-Sayed Ri. Development Of A Performance Appraisal Tool For Staff Nurses. In: The 6th International Scientific Conference “Integration In Health Care” [Internet]. 2021. P. 39–58. Available From: Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Profile/Rasha-Ibrahim-3/Publication/348357803_Development_Of_A_Performance_Appraisal_Tool_For_Staff_Nurses/Links/5ffa257845851553a032f95f/Development-Of-A-Performance-Appraisal-Tool-For-Staff-Nurses.Pdf
23. Maryani L. Hubungan Antara Kepemimpinan Kepala Ruang Dengan Kinerja Perawat Dalam Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit. An Idea Heal J. 2022;2(01):24–31.
24. Muhammad Iqbal, A Fachrin S, Saleh Lm. Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Kualitas Kerja Dengan Kinerja Perawat Dalam Penerapan Sistem Keselamatan Pasien Di Rsud Sinjai Tahun 2020. J Aafiyah Heal Res. 2020;1(2):44–57.
25. Masaong Ak, Syukur S, Abas R. Hubungan Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Ruangan Dengan Kinerj Perawat Pelaksanaan Di Rsud Otanaha. J Inov Ris Ilmu Kesehat. 2023;1(2):124–36.
26. Jakri Y, Timun H. Hubungan Fungsi Manajemen Kepala Ruangan Dengan Kinerja Perawat Dalam Melaksanakan Asuhan Keperawatan Di Ruang Rawat Inap Puskesmas Waelengga Kabupaten Manggarai Timur Tahun 2019. J Wawasan Kesehat. 2019;4(2):56–66.
27. Rahmah Nm, Sarwati P. Determinan Fungsi Manajemen Dan Kepemimpinan Kepala Ruangan Dengan Budaya Keselamatan Pasien Oleh Perawat Pelaksana Di Rs. Dr. Chasbullah Abdul Madjid. J Soshum Insentif. 2019;2(2):182–94.
28. Syafrinanda V, Setiawan S, ... Persepsi Perawat Manajer Tentang Pelaksanaan Executive Coaching. J Keperawatan [Internet]. 2020;12(3):387–94. Available From: Http://Download.Garuda.Kemdikbud.Go.Id/Article.Php?Article=1719056&Val=10904&Title=Perception Of Nurse Manager About Implementation Of Executive Coaching
29. Hadinata D, Widaningsih, Anwar S. Peran, Fungsi Kepala Ruangan Terhadap Komunikasi Efektif Dan Kualitas Handover. J Keperawatan Dan Kesehat Med Akper Ypib Majalengka [Internet]. 2019;V(1):1–14. Available From: Https://Ejournal.Akperypib.Ac.Id
30. Puspanegara A, Nurazizah N, Wulan N, Heryanto Ml. Hubungan Kompetensi Perawat Manajer Dengan Motivasi Kerja Perawat Pelaksana Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Kuningan Medical Center Tahun 2022. J Public Heal Innov. 2022;3(01):13–21.
31. González-García A, Pinto-Carral A, Villorejo Js, Marqués-Sánchez P. Competency Model For The Middle Nurse Manager (Mcge-Logistic Level). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(8):1–13.
32. Ady Purwoto, Agusta Dian Ellina, Yuly Peristiowati. Menerapkan Konsep Dan Teori Kepemimpinan Dan Manajemen Keperawatan Secara Nyata Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Keperawatan Pada Instalasi Ruang Khusus Di Rsud Kab. Tangerang. J-Abdi J Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2022;1(12):3375–80.
33. Nurhani A, Handiyani H, Rayatin L. Pengembangan Kompetensi Kepemimpinan Perawat Manajer Melalui Panduan Kompetensi. J Keperawatan Silampari. 2022;5(2):1105–13.
34. Dewi A, Hariyati Rts, Dewi L. Pengembangan Panduan Peran Dan Fungsi Top Manajer Keperawatan Di Rumah Sakit. J Telenursing. 2021;3(1):8–19.
35. Suganda T, Handiyani H, Nurdiana N. Penerapan Training Need Analysis Dalam Penyusunan Kurikulum Pelatihan Kompetensi Nursing Informatics Kepala Ruangan. J Kepemimp Dan Manaj Keperawatan. 2021;4(1):1–10.
36. Muosa Ah, Khalifa Mf. Evaluation Of Nurses’ Evidence-Based Practice At Primary Health Care Centers In Baghdad City. Medico-Legal Updat. 2020;20(3):808–13.
37. Farajzadeh Z, Hassani H. Evaluate The Performance Of Nursing Managers From Nurses’ Viewpoints In The Hospitals Of Birjand University Of Medical Sciences In 2017. 2020;8(6):4–10.
38. Báo Acp, Amestoy Sc, De Moura Gmss, Trindade L De L. Quality Indicators: Tools For The Management Of Best Practices In Health. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(2):360–6.
39. Zulfa E. Pengukuran Kinerja Perawat Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Rsud X. J Tek Ind. 2018;1(3):31–5.
40. Subiyantoro A. Pengaruh Penilaian Kinerja Dan Komitmen Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Perawat Di Rumah Sakit Umum Sakina Idaman Sleman Yogyakarta. Kaji Ekon Dan Bisnis. 2022;17(2):161–73.
41. Erna Wijaya, Kurnia E. Penilaian Kinerja Perawat Manager Di Rumah Sakit Baptis Kediri Assessment. J Stikes. 2020;11(2):1–23.
42. Dunwell P, Pitfield H, Savill Mhc. Management By Objectives In R&D. R&D Manag. 1971;2(1):21–4.
43. Jun Mh, Noh W. Training Priority For Managerial Competence Of Nurse Managers In Small And Medium-Sized Hospitals: Focusing On The Management Level. Sage Open Nurs. 2023;9(July):1–8.
44. Setiawan S, Suza De, Siregar Fls. Nurse Manager Competency Model In A Teaching Hospital. J Ners. 2021;16(1):81–8.
45. Paarima Y, Ansah Ofei Am, Kwashie Aa. Managerial Competencies Of Nurse Managers In Ghana. Afr J Nurs Midwifery. 2020;22(2):1–20.
46. Hui T, Zakeri Ma, Soltanmoradi Y, Rahimi N, Hossini Rafsanjanipoor Sm, Nouroozi M, Et Al. Nurses’ Clinical Competency And Its Correlates: Before And During The Covid-19 Outbreak. Bmc Nurs [Internet]. 2023;22(1):1–9. Available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12912-023-01330-9
47. Menterei Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor Hk.01.07/Menkes/425/2020 Tentang Standar Profesi Perawat. Indonesia; 2020 P. 1–60.
48. Gunawan J, Aungsuroch Y, Fisher Ml, Mcdaniel Am. Development And Psychometric Properties Of Managerial Competence Scale For First-Line Nurse Managers In Indonesia. Sage Open Nurs. 2019;5(January):1–12.
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Penulis
Yulistina, P. D., Suyasa, I. G. P. D., Rismawan, I. M., & Sandra, P. Y. (2023). PENILAIAN KINERJA MANAJER KEPERAWATAN BERDASARKAN BALANCED SCORE CARD DAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN: LITERATUR REVIEW. JURNAL RISET KESEHATAN POLTEKKES DEPKES BANDUNG, Online ISSN 2579-8103, 16(1), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v16i1.2468
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