PROTOKOL PERESEPAN LATIHAN FISIK UNTUK PEMULIHAN KEKUATAN OTOT PASIEN GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME: TELAAH LITERATUR
Abstrak
Pasien Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) fase pemulihan sering mengalami kelemahan otot yang berkepanjangan, yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup. Latihan fisik membantu meningkatkan kekuatan otot, tetapi belum ada rekomendasi protokol untuk latihan fisik pada pasien GBS. Studi ini membahas frekuensi, intensitas, jenis, dan durasi latihan fisik untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot pasien GBS. Penelusuran sistematis dilakukan pada Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase serta hand-searching di Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci “GBS”, “latihan fisik”, dan “kekuatan otot”. Kriteria inklusi adalah terbit tahun 2013-2023, full-text berbahasa Indonesia atau Inggris, subjek pasien GBS yang diintervensi latihan fisik, luaran kekuatan otot dengan desain: controlled trial, case control, case series, dan laporan kasus. Dari pencarian sistematis, terpilih 1 studi dari 18 studi, sedangkan dari metode hand-searching didapatkan 6 artikel, sehingga total 7 studi terpilih. Latihan berjenis kekuatan otot dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot pasien GBS dan perlu ditunjang oleh latihan kardiorespirasi, latihan berjalan, dan latihan keseimbangan untuk mendukung pemulihan pasien GBS. Frekuensi latihan berkisar antara 2-5 kali per minggu, sementara intensitas latihan bervariasi yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan pasien. Durasi latihan 20-60 menit, dengan lama intervensi 6 minggu-1 tahun. Hasil didapatkan dari studi-studi terbaru. Namun, kurangnya kelompok kontrol serta ukuran sampel yang relatif kecil (4-30 subjek) menjadi keterbatasan. Terdapat faktor perancu kekuatan otot yang meningkat akibat reinervasi alami. Pasien GBS sebaiknya melakukan jenis latihan kekuatan otot, kardiorespirasi, dan latihan fungsional, dengan frekuensi 2-5 kali per minggu, intensitas ringan-sedang yang dinaikkan secara bertahap, 20-60 menit per sesi dengan lama intervensi 6-12 minggu.
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Referensi
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Penulis

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