APPLICATION OF MUSA BALBISIANA LOTION AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Abstrak
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause various infections, particularly skin-related conditions such as boils, impetigo, and abscesses. These infections are often characterized by inflammation, necrosis, and pus formation, significantly impairing the skin's function as the body’s protective barrier. A major challenge in managing these infections is the increasing antibiotic resistance, including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), necessitating effective alternatives such as herbal-based remedies. The peel of yellow kepok bananas, often discarded as organic waste, contains active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and antioxidants. These compounds exhibit significant antibacterial activity and can protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. This study aims to explain the differences in the effectiveness of lotion formulations based on yellow kepok banana peel extract at three different concentrations: Formula I (30%), Formula II (60%), and Formula III (90%) in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This quasi-experimental study employed the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the average inhibition zone diameter for Formula I was 5.60 mm, Formula II was 8.30 mm, and Formula III was 8.70 mm. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a p-value of 0.004, indicating a significant difference among the formulas. In conclusion, lotions containing yellow kepok banana peel extract demonstrated considerable effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The effectiveness increased proportionally with the extract concentration, suggesting the potential of this product as an antibacterial lotion.
Artikel teks lengkap
Referensi
2. Bashabsheh RHF, Al-Fawares O, Natsheh IY, Bdeir R, Al-Khreshieh RO, Bashabsheh HHF. Staphylococcus aureus epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and application of nano-therapeutics as a promising approach to combat methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pathog Glob Health. 2023;118(3):209-231.
3. Cheung GYC, Bae JS, Otto M. Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence. 2021;12(1):547-569.
4. Bashabsheh RHF, Al-Fawares O, Natsheh IY, Bdeir R, Al-Khreshieh RO, Bashabsheh HHF. Staphylococcus aureus epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and application of nano-therapeutics as a promising approach to combat methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pathog Glob Health. 2023;118(3):209-231.
5. Muhammad Fadhil Safari, Vinda Maharani Patricia, Livia Syafnir. Penelusuran Pustaka Kandungan Senyawa dari Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa paradisiaca var raja) dan Kulit Pisang Cavendish (Musa cavendishii) dalam Beberapa Aktivitas Farmakologi. Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy. 2022;2(2):1-6. doi:10.29313/bcsp.v2i2.4714
6. Tan Z, Deng J, Ye Q, Zhang Z. The Antibacterial Activity of Natural-derived Flavonoids. Curr Top Med Chem. 2022;22(12):1009-1019. doi:10.2174/1568026622666220221110506
7. Hamzah H. Efek Saponin Terhadap Penghambatan Planktonik Dan Mono-Spesies Biofilm Candida albicans ATCC 10231 Pada Fase Pertengahan, Pematangan Dan Degaradasi. Majalah Farmaseutik. 2021;17(2):198-205.
8. Hersila N, M.P MC, M.Si V, M.Si IrBTI. Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder (Tanin) pada Tanaman sebagai Antifungi. Jurnal Embrio. 2023;15(1):16-22.
9. Hidayat AA. Metodologi Penelitian Keperawatan Dan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2017.
10. Saraswati FN. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 96% Limbah Kulit Pisang Kepok Kuning (Musa Balbisiana) Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat (Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Staphylococcus Aureus, Dan Propionibacterium Acne). UIN Syarif Hidayatullah; 2015.
11. Sarfina J, Nurhamidah N, Handayani D. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Ricinus communis L (jarak kepyar). Alotrop (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Kimia). 2017;1(1):1-5. doi:10.33369/atp.v1i1.2725
12. Noer B, Sundari S. Formulasi Hand And Body Lotion Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Putih (Hylocereus undatus) dan Uji Kestabilan Fisiknya. JPP (Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekkes Palembang). 2018;11(1):103-104.
13. Hudzicki J. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol. American society for microbiology. 2009;15(1):1-23.
14. Weinstein MP, Lewis JS. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Background, Organization, Functions, and Processes. Vol 58.; 2020. doi:10.1128/JCM.01864-19
15. Pal M, Kerorsa GB, Marami LM, Kandi V. Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, Animal Infections, Antibiotic Resistance, Public Health Significance, and Economic Impact of Staphylococcus Aureus: A Comprehensive Review. Am J Public Health Res. 2020;8(1):14-21.
16. Cheung GYC, Bae JS, Otto M. Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence. 2021;12(1):547-569.
17. Primadiamanti A, Marcellia S, Sukmawan S. Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Antiseptik Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Pisang Kepok Mentah (Musa paradisiaca L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2021;8(2):5.
18. Saraswati FN. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 96% Limbah Kulit Pisang Kepok Kuning (Musa Balbisiana) Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat (Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Staphylococcus Aureus, Dan Propionibacterium Acne). UIN Syarif Hidayatullah; 2015.
19. Hamzah H. Efek Saponin Terhadap Penghambatan Planktonik Dan Mono-Spesies Biofilm Candida albicans ATCC 10231 Pada Fase Pertengahan, Pematangan Dan Degaradasi. Majalah Farmaseutik. 2021;17(2):198-205.
20. Sunani S, Hendriani R. Classification and Pharmacological Activities of Bioactive Tannins. Indonesian Journal of Biological Pharmacy. 2023;3(2):130-136.
21. Tan Z, Deng J, Ye Q, Zhang Z. The Antibacterial Activity of Natural-derived Flavonoids. Curr Top Med Chem. 2022;22(12):1009-1019. doi:10.2174/1568026622666220221110506
22. Farhadi F, Khameneh B, Iranshahi M, Iranshahy M. Antibacterial activity of flavonoids and their structure–activity relationship: An update review. Phytotherapy Research. 2019;33(1):13-40. doi:10.1002/PTR.6208
23. Khan MI, Ahhmed A, Shin JH, Baek JS, Kim MY, Kim JD. Green Tea Seed Isolated Saponins Exerts Antibacterial Effects against Various Strains of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria, a Comprehensive Study in Vitro and in Vivo. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018;2018(1):1-12. doi:10.1155/2018/3486106
24. Li J, Monje-Galvan V. In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Antimicrobial Saponins: A Review. Processes. 2023;11(10):1-17. doi:10.3390/PR11102856
25. Olchowik-Grabarek E, Sękowski S, Kwiatek A, et al. The Structural Changes in the Membranes of Staphylococcus aureus Caused by Hydrolysable Tannins Witness Their Antibacterial Activity. Membranes (Basel). 2022;12(11):1-18. doi:10.3390/MEMBRANES12111124
26. Farha AK, Yang QQ, Kim G, et al. Tannins as an alternative to antibiotics. Food Biosci. 2020;38(2):1-18. doi:10.1016/J.FBIO.2020.100751
27. Olchowik-Grabarek E, Sękowski S, Kwiatek A, et al. The Structural Changes in the Membranes of Staphylococcus aureus Caused by Hydrolysable Tannins Witness Their Antibacterial Activity. Membranes (Basel). 2022;12(11):1-18. doi:10.3390/MEMBRANES12111124
28. Farha AK, Yang QQ, Kim G, et al. Tannins as an alternative to antibiotics. Food Biosci. 2020;38(2):1-18. doi:10.1016/J.FBIO.2020.100751
29. Yan Y, Li X, Zhang C, Lv L, Gao B, Li M. Research Progress on Antibacterial Activities and Mechanisms of Natural Alkaloids: A Review. Antibiotics. 2021;10(3):1-30. doi:10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS10030318
30. Liu Y, Cui Y, Lu L, Gong Y, Han W, Piao G. Natural indole-containing alkaloids and their antibacterial activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2020;353(10):1-25. doi:10.1002/ARDP.202000120
31. Thawabteh AM, Ghanem AW, AbuMadi S, et al. Antibacterial Activity and Antifungal Activity of Monomeric Alkaloids. Toxins (Basel). 2024;16(11):1-40. doi:10.3390/TOXINS16110489
32. Dewatisari WF. Perbandingan Pelarut Kloroform dan Etanol terhadap Rendemen Ekstrak Daun Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain.) Menggunakan Metode Maserasi. Journal UIN Alauddin. 2020;6(1):127-132.
33. Primadiamanti A, Marcellia S, Sukmawan S. Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Antiseptik Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Pisang Kepok Mentah (Musa paradisiaca L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2021;8(2):5.
Penulis
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.