NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY TO REDUCE CHILDREN'S FEAR OF INVASIVE PROCEDURES: SCOPING REVIEW
Abstract
Prosedur invasif seperti kateterisasi intravena, injeksi intramuskular, dan pengambilan sampel darah sering kali menimbulkan rasa takut dan nyeri pada anak-anak, sehingga berdampak negatif pada pengalaman mereka dan memicu fobia jarum. Oleh karena itu, intervensi non-farmakologis seperti teknik distraksi dianggap efektif untuk mengurangi rasa takut dan nyeri selama prosedur tersebut. Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis berbagai teknik distraksi non-farmakologis yang efektif dalam mengurangi rasa takut anak selama prosedur invasif di rumah sakit. Tinjauan cakupan ini dilakukan dengan mengikuti kerangka kerja PRISMA-ScR. Pencarian literatur dilakukan di database PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCO-host, dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci yang relevan. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi (RCT dan studi kuasi-eksperimental, diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 dan 2025, dalam bahasa Inggris) dinilai kualitasnya dengan menggunakan alat JBI. Data diekstraksi dan dianalisis secara tematik. Dari 1.620 artikel, 15 penelitian memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Teknik distraksi dikategorikan menjadi dua kelompok: (1) distraksi pasif (misalnya, Buzzy, mendengarkan musik, menonton kartun, virtual reality) dan (2) distraksi aktif (misalnya, TICK-B, meniup balon, berinteraksi dengan hewan, permainan drama). Kedua teknik tersebut terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi rasa takut, nyeri, dan kecemasan anak, dengan Buzzy dan TICK-B sebagai intervensi yang paling sering digunakan. Teknik distraksi aktif dan pasif sama efektifnya dalam mengurangi rasa takut anak selama prosedur invasif. Temuan ini memberikan panduan bagi para profesional kesehatan dalam memilih intervensi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak dan konteks klinis. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi keefektifan teknik-teknik ini di berbagai kelompok usia dan wilayah geografis.
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