Effect of the combination of oketani massage and the marmet technique on breast milk volume among postpartum mothers
Abstract
Background: Adequate breast milk production during the early postpartum period is essential for successful exclusive breastfeeding. However, delayed lactation and insufficient milk volume are common. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of combining Oketani massage and the Marmet technique remains limited.
Objective: To analyze the effect of combined Oketani massage and the Marmet technique on breast milk volume among postpartum mothers.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a nonequivalent control group design. Thirty postpartum mothers were recruited through consecutive sampling and assigned to an intervention group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The intervention group received Oketani massage and the Marmet technique twice daily for three days, while the control group received standard breastfeeding care. Breast milk production was measured as the volume of milk expressed using a breast pump or manual expression before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests.
Results: Mean milk volume increased from 42.6 mL to 78.3 mL in the intervention group and from 44.1 mL to 52.7 mL in the control group. The mean difference between groups after the intervention was 25.6 mL (95% CI: 16.01–35.19). Significant increases were observed in the intervention group (p<0.001), and significant differences were found between groups after the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The combination of Oketani massage and the Marmet technique significantly increased breast milk volume among postpartum mothers compared with standard breastfeeding care.
Full text article
References
2. World Health Organization. Breastfeeding.
3. Lowdermilk DL, Perry SE, Cashion K, Alden KR. Maternity and Women’s Health Care. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2020.
4. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tahun 2023.; 2024.
5. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Lampung. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2024.; 2025.
6. Taradisa NU, Sormin T, Musiana. Hubungan pengetahuan dan pekerjaan ibu dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif di wilayah Kota Bandar Lampung. J Ilm Keperawatan Sai Betik. 2016;12(2):145-152. doi:10.26630/jkep.v12i2.598
7. Wambach K; Riordan J. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. 6th ed. Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2021.
8. Nancy Mohrbacher. The Breastfeeding Answer Book. (Revised Edition, ed.). La Leche League International; 2020.
9. Geddes DT, Gridneva Z, Perrella SL, et al. 25 years of research in human lactation: from discovery to translation. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3071. doi:10.3390/nu13093071
10. Kent JC, Prime DK, Garbin CP. Principles for maintaining milk production during established lactation. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2012;41(1):114-121. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01313.x
11. Nazara TS, Ismarwati. Strategies for boosting breast milk supply in postpartum women: a scoping review. BKM Public Heal Community Med. 2024;40(3). doi:10.22146/bkm.v40i03.10069
12. Weni Purnani; Darmining. The Effect of Oketani Massage and Oxytoxin Massage on Breast Milk Production in Postpartum Mothers. J Qual Women’s Heal. 2024;8(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.30994/jqwh.v8i1.274
13. Mukminin SAA, Maharrani T, Isfentiani D, Nurwulansari F. Differences in the effect of breast care and Oketani massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers. J Heal Sci. 2025;18(1):52-60. doi:10.33086/jhs.v18i01.5938
14. Rizqiya Nur Amalina; Lutfatul Latifah; Mekar Dwi Anggraeni. Efektivitas Pijat Oketani terhadap Produksi ASI: Systematic Literature Review. J Ilmu Keperawatan Matern. 2022;5(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.32584/jikm.v5i2.1805
15. Rahayu DP, Martiningsih W, Abiddin A, Damo JL. The influence of the Oketani massage method on lactation among postpartum women. Heal Access J. 2025;2(2):115-123. doi:10.31290/haj.v2i2.5382
16. Andriani TIY. The effectiveness of Oketani massage on breast milk volume in postpartum mothers. Indones J Glob Heal Res. 2023;5(4):901-908. doi:10.37287/ijghr.v5i4.2414
17. Oktaviani I, Aliyanto W. The effectiveness of the Marmet technique breast massage is comparable to standard breast massage. J Kesehat. 2023;14(1):55-63. doi:10.26630/jk.v14i1.3715
18. Yustianti D, Susilawati, Hermawan D. Pijat teknik Marmet pada postpartum dan produksi ASI. Holistik J Kesehat. 2020;14(3):338-345. doi:10.33024/hjk.v14i3.1855
19. Sofia N. Comparison of the effectiveness of oxytocin massage and Marmet technique in increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers. KESMAS UWIGAMA. 2024;10(1). doi:10.24903/kujkm.v10i1.2984
20. Chaloemram C, Phimarn W, Poowanna R, Winyupan S, Ngenkummoon N. Effectiveness of breast massage on enhancing breast milk production in postpartum women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. SAGE Open Nurs. 2026;12:1-18. doi:10.1177/15568253261454249
21. Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 11th Ed. 11th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
22. Rahayu DP, Martiningsih W, Abiddin A, Damo J. The Influence of the Oketani Massage Method on Lactation among Postpartum Women. Heal Access J. 2025;2(2):115-123. doi:10.31290/haj.v2i2.5382
23. American Academy of Pediatrics. Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Pediatrics. 2022;150(1):e2022057988. doi:10.1542/peds.2022-057988.
24. Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):475-490. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01044-2.
25. World Health Organization; UNICEF. Global Breastfeeding Scorecard 2023: Rates of breastfeeding in early infancy and progress on the implementation of the Global Breastfeeding Collective recommendations. WHO/UNICEF; 2023.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.