PENGARUH PAJANAN MERKURI DARI BAHAN MAKANAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN MERKURI DALAM DARAH IBU MENYUSUI DI DAERAH PERTAMBANGAN EMAS
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Abstrak
Merkuri organik sebagai limbah proses amalgamasi yang dilakukan pada aliran sungai mengalami bioakumulasi dalam jaringan hewan dan tanaman, dan melalui rantai makanan paling rendah sampai paling tinggi. Ibu menyusui berisiko terpajan merkuri dari bahan makanan, sedangkan bayi terpajan merkuri dari ibunya. Merkuri dalam darah ibu akan terakumulasi dalam peredaran darah payudara, selanjutnya akan teridentifikasi dalam ASI. Pajanan merkuri dari ASI akan terakumulasi dalam tubuh bayi, sehingga dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian pajanan merkuri dari bahan makan dan kadar dalam darah belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pajanan merkuri dari bahan makanan terhadap kandungan merkuri dalam darah ibu menyusui. Subjek adalah 35 orang ibu menyusui yang tinggal di lokasi pertambangan emas di Cineam Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Pajanan merkuri dari bahan makanan diperoleh engan metoda semiquantitative food frequency. Kandungan merkuri dalam bahan makanan dan darah dianalisis dengan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kandungan merkuri pada delapan jenis bahan makanan antara 0,00063 - 0,73333 ppm, pajanan merkuri dari bahan makanan sehari antara 0,0088 – 6,7955 ppm, dan kandungan merkuri dalam darah ibu menyusui sebesar 1,02880 ppm. Rerata kandungan merkuri dalam padi, ikan kolam, ikan sawah, bayam, daun katuk, dan pisang masih dibawah batas normal, sedangkan dalam kangkung dan genjer diatas batas normal. Sebanyak 74,3% ibu menyusui memiliki kandungan merkuri dalam darah diatas batas normal. Analisis statistik korelasi spearman menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh pajanan merkuri dari bahan makanan terhadap kandungan merkuri dalam darah ibu menyusui (p=0,048;r=0,286). Pajanan merkuri dalam bahan makanan akan meningkatkan kadar merkuri dalam darah ibu menyusui.
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Referensi
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