RISIKO FRAKTUR PADA PASIEN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

Abstract

People living with HIV (PLWH) are frequently susceptible to experiencing complications, such as osteoporosis fractures, which occur as a result of decreased bone density caused by the virus, adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART), clinical factors associated with reduced physiological functions due to aging, and unhealthy habits like smoking and alcohol consumption. With advancing age, the likelihood of experiencing osteoporotic fractures increases. Early diagnosis and fracture risk screening are crucial to preventing and reducing the probability of future fractures. The purpose of this study is to predict and describe the risk of fractures in PLWH over the next ten years, so that the results can be used as a source of information and a reference for intervention measures by nurses or other medical workers in attempts to decrease and prevent osteoporosis fractures. The research used quantitative-descriptive methods, with 76 respondents selected using consecutive sampling techniques. This study was conducted in November–December 2023 at the Lotus Poly Clinic, Sumedang Hospital. Without BMD, the fracture risk was calculated using the FRAX® tool. The findings of this study revealed that the overall PLWH has a low risk of major osteoporosis fractures, with a median of 2.20% (IQR 2), and a low risk of hip fractures, with a median of 0.2% (IQR 0.4). Although classified as low-risk, this highlights the importance of developing long-term pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, as well as regular bone health monitoring and preventive efforts through healthy lifestyles and appropriate medical management, to improve the quality of life of PLWH.