BIRTHING BALL EXERCISE REDUCES PAIN AND ANXIETY IN LABORING MOTHERS
Abstract
Persalinan normal direkomendasikan karena lebih hemat biaya, durasi rawat inap lebih singkat, tanpa anestesi, serta risiko infeksi dan perdarahan yang rendah. Namun, sebagian besar ibu bersalin mengalami nyeri yang dapat memicu ketakutan dan kecemasan, sehingga berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas latihan birthing ball dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri dan kecemasan pada ibu bersalin di praktik mandiri bidan wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimen dengan dua kelompok. Sebanyak 60 partisipan dipilih melalui teknik consecutive sampling dan dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi (latihan birthing ball) dan kontrol (latihan pernapasan rutin). Pengukuran tingkat nyeri dan kecemasan dilakukan setelah intervensi menggunakan instrumen Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Face Pain Rating Scale (FPRS), dan Numerical Analogue Scale (NAS), yang telah terbukti valid dan reliabel. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi, paired t-test, dan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik responden homogen, dengan mayoritas berpendidikan dasar dan multigravida. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol dalam hal penurunan tingkat nyeri dan kecemasan (p< 0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan birthing ball efektif dalam mengurangi nyeri dan kecemasan pada kala I persalinan normal.
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References
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17. Afroz F, Naz MZ, Akhter K, Ahmed T, Siddika A. The Impact of Prenatal Birthing Ball Exercises on First Stage Labor Progression. 2024;6691(12):1840-1846.
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19. James S, Hudek M. Experiences of South African multiparous labouring women using the birthing ball to encourage vaginal births. Heal SA Gesondheid. 2017;22:36-42. doi:10.1016/j.hsag.2016.08.004
20. Yeung MPS, Tsang KWK, Yip BHK, et al. Birth ball for pregnant women in labour research protocol: A multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):1-6. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2305-8
21. Sulistianingsih A, Wijayanti Y. Kombinasi Birth Ball Dan Latihan Pernafasan Dengan Penurunan Nyeri Persalinan Kala I. J Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan. 2022;13(1):66-74. doi:10.26751/jikk.v13i1.1243
22. Sriwenda D. Efektifitas Latihan Birth Ball t erhadap Efikasi Diri Primipara dengan Persalinan Normal Efectivity of Birth Ball Exercise o n Self Efficacy of Primiparous with Normal Labor. J Ners dan Kebidanan Indones. 2014;4(3):141-147. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki
23. Kurniati I, Graharti R, Tjiptaningrum A, Kurniawati E. Obstruksi saluran napas atas grade III ec kassabach merrit syndrome , bronkopneumonia dan DIC. Medula. 2022;12(3):478-485.
24. Kurniawati et al. Efektivitas Latihan Birth Ball terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif pada Primigravida Effectiveness of Birth Ball Exercise to Decrease Labor Pain in The Active Phase of The First Stage of Labor on The Primigravida Women. J Kebidanan. 2017;5:2-3.
25. Alghadir AH, Anwer S, Iqbal A, Iqbal ZA. Test-retest reliability, validity, and minimum detectable change of visual analog, numerical rating, and verbal rating scales for measurement of osteoarthritic knee pain. J Pain Res. 2018;11:851-856. doi:10.2147/JPR.S158847
26. Arribas-Pascual M, Hernández-Hernández S, Jiménez-Arranz C, et al. Effects of Physiotherapy on Pain and Mouth Opening in Temporomandibular Disorders: An Umbrella and Mapping Systematic Review with Meta-Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2023;12(3). doi:10.3390/jcm12030788
27. Mirahmadi A, Hosseini-Monfared P, Amiri S, et al. Cross‑cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the new Knee Society Knee Scoring System (KSS). J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):858. doi:10.1186/s13018-023-04347-7
28. Rusmita E. Pengaruh Senam Hamil Yoga Terhadap Persalinan Di Rsia Limijati Bandung. J Ilmu Keperawatan. 2015;III(2):80-86.
29. Gau ML, Chang CY, Tian SH, Lin KC. Effects of birth ball exercise on pain and self-efficacy during childbirth: A randomised controlled trial in Taiwan. Midwifery. 2011;27(6):e293-e300. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2011.02.004
30. Lövdén M, Fratiglioni L, Glymour MM, Lindenberger U, Tucker-Drob EM. Education and Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Span. Psychol Sci public Interes a J Am Psychol Soc. 2020;21(1):6-41. doi:10.1177/1529100620920576
31. Harahap AP, Utami CA, Aulia R, Fauziyah T, Safitri AH. The Model of Guidance and Counseling Service Strategy and its Effect on Improving Students ’ Learning Memory. 2025;9(1):83-90.
32. Lukman Hakim A, Barokatul Fajri M, Nur Faizah E. Evaluation Of Implementation Of MBKM: Does Academic Stress Affect On Student Learning Outcomes? Int J Educ Res Soc Sci. Published online 2022:1-16.
33. Desi Handayani Lubis,Laurena Ginting NBK. Faktor – Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Persepsi Ibu Hamil Tentang Nyeri Persalinan Di Klinik Pratama Khadijah Medan. Excell Midwifery J. 2024;7(1):29.
34. Farrag RE. Using of Birthing Ball during the first Stage of Labor: Its Effect on the Progress of Labor and Outcome among Nulliparous Women. Int J Nurs Didact. 2018;8(09):01-10. doi:10.15520/ijnd.v8i09.2289
35. Yanti EM, Kurnia Utami D, Dwi Maulina A. Faktor-Faktor Yang Menyebabkan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester Iii Di Puskesmas Wanasaba. ProHealth J. 2020;17(1).
36. Ratna Sari NLPM, Parwati NWM, Indriana NPRK. The Correlation Between Mother’s Knowledge Level And Husband Support Toward Anxiety Level Of Pregnant Mother In The Third Trimester During Labor. J Ris Kesehat Nas. 2023;7(1):35-44. doi:10.37294/jrkn.v7i1.469
37. Ajeng D, Ramhadani A, Toyibah A, Kusmiwiyati A. Efektivitas Birthing Ball terhadap Nyeri Persalinan. Malang J Midwifery. 2022;4(1):22-31.
38. Nurmaisya E, Mulyati S. Evidence Based Case Report (Ebcr) : Penggunaan Birth Ball Efektif Dalam Mengurangi Nyeri Persalinan Kala I. J Kesehat Siliwangi. 2022;3(1):45-52. doi:10.34011/jks.v3i1.1197
39. Suryaningsih N, Ahmad M, Nontji W, Syam Y, Usman AN, Arsyad MA. Kombinasi Prenatal Yoga Dengan Birth Ball Efektif Terhadap Lama Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif. Media Penelit dan Pengemb Kesehat. 2024;34(4):981-992.
40. Kurniawati A, Dasuki D, Kartini F. Efektivitas Latihan Birth Ball Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif pada Primigravida. J Ners dan Kebidanan Indones. 2017;5(1):1. doi:10.21927/jnki.2017.5(1).1-10
41. Taavoni S, Abdolahian S, Haghani H, Neysani L. Effect of Birth Ball Usage on Pain in the Active Phase of Labor : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Published online 2011:137-140. doi:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2010.00013.x
2. Sasmita RE, Syahda S, Handayani F. Asuhan Kebidanan Ibu Bersalin Normal Di Pmb Ketra Delfi Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kampar. J Ilm Ilmu Kesehat. 2023;2(1):356-367.
3. Dutta A. Presentation and Mechanism of Labour. In: Chandraharan E, ed. The Continuous Textbook of Women’s Medicine Series – Obstetrics Module Volume 11 LABOR AND DELIVERY. Global Academy of Medical Education and Training; 2021:1-7. doi:10.3843/glowm.414323
4. Musfiroh S, Yulianti RT, Nabilah A, et al. Literature Review: Hubungan Hormon Dan Psikologi Pada Ibu Masa Perinatal. J Matern Kebidanan. 2023;8(2):205-219.
5. Anggraeni kurnia indrayanti purnamasari dan widya. Efektivitas Implementasi Teknik Relaksasi Metode Air Untuk. J Keperawatan. 2019;12(1):35-41.
6. Widiawati1 I. Mengenal Nyeri Persalinan Pada Primipara Dan Multipara. J Bimtas. 2017;2(1):42-48.
7. Sandhi SI, Lestari KD. Hubungan Psikologis Ibu Bersalin Dengan Kelancaran Proses Persalinan Kala Ii Di Rumah Bersalin Bhakti Ibu Semarang. J Surya Muda. 2021;3(1):23-32. doi:10.38102/jsm.v3i1.68
8. Sunarsih S, Sari TP. Nyeri persalinan dan tingkat kecemasan pada ibu inpartu kala I fase aktif. Holistik J Kesehat. 2020;13(4):327-332. doi:10.33024/hjk.v13i4.1365
9. Wati L, Monarisa M, Hamdanesti R. Pengaruh Metode Birth Ball Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif di Praktek Mandiri Bidan (PMB) Fifi Maryoni. J Ilm Univ Batanghari Jambi. 2022;22(1):89. doi:10.33087/jiubj.v22i1.1666
10. Ningdiah AK, Ningsih AF, Iskandiani L, Lawra C. Literature Review Teknik Mengurangi Nyeri pada Persalinan. Pros Semin Nas dan CFP Kebidanan Univ Ngudi Waluyo. 2022;1(2):892-901.
11. Nuraini, Karo MBK, Pangaribuan M. Pengaruh Penggunaan Birthing Ball Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Pada Ibu Bersalin Kala I Fase Aktif. Binawan Student J. 2023;5(3):91-96. doi:10.54771/bsj.v5i3.989
12. Hartati D, Jannah B, Sulasdi NAD, Sinaga SP, Sulistyaningsih, Hafidz F. The effectiveness between of yoga and birth ball in reducing labor pain: a systematic review. BKM Public Heal Community Med. 2024;40(4):e9512. doi:10.22146/bkm.v40i04.9512
13. Grenvik JM, Rosenthal E, Wey S, et al. Birthing ball for reducing labor pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Matern neonatal Med Off J Eur Assoc Perinat Med Fed Asia Ocean Perinat Soc Int Soc Perinat Obstet. 2022;35(25):5184-5193. doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1875439
14. Kjeldsen LL, Læssøe U, Bendix JM, Maimburg RD. Maternal positions in childbirth – A cohort study of labouring women’s movements and body positions the last 24 hours before birth. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2025;43:101059. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2024.101059
15. E Silva LM, Da Silva FMB, Alvarenga MB, De Oliveira SMJV. Using the Swiss ball in labor. ACTA Paul Enferm. 2011;24(5):656-662. doi:10.1590/S0103-21002011000500010
16. Ekendiz LS, Ug MUC. Efeeck Of Swiss-Ball core strengg Training On Strength, Endurance, fleksibility and Balanci in Sedatary Women be too¨. Strength Cond. 2010;24(11):3032-3040.
17. Afroz F, Naz MZ, Akhter K, Ahmed T, Siddika A. The Impact of Prenatal Birthing Ball Exercises on First Stage Labor Progression. 2024;6691(12):1840-1846.
18. Karningsih, Mardeyanti, Yulfitria F, Sari DN, Purwanti D. Effectiveness of Pelvic Rocking Exercise with Birth Ball on the Duration of Third Stage of Labor. Int J Sci Soc. 2024;6(1):887-898. doi:10.54783/ijsoc.v6i1.1078
19. James S, Hudek M. Experiences of South African multiparous labouring women using the birthing ball to encourage vaginal births. Heal SA Gesondheid. 2017;22:36-42. doi:10.1016/j.hsag.2016.08.004
20. Yeung MPS, Tsang KWK, Yip BHK, et al. Birth ball for pregnant women in labour research protocol: A multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):1-6. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2305-8
21. Sulistianingsih A, Wijayanti Y. Kombinasi Birth Ball Dan Latihan Pernafasan Dengan Penurunan Nyeri Persalinan Kala I. J Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan. 2022;13(1):66-74. doi:10.26751/jikk.v13i1.1243
22. Sriwenda D. Efektifitas Latihan Birth Ball t erhadap Efikasi Diri Primipara dengan Persalinan Normal Efectivity of Birth Ball Exercise o n Self Efficacy of Primiparous with Normal Labor. J Ners dan Kebidanan Indones. 2014;4(3):141-147. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki
23. Kurniati I, Graharti R, Tjiptaningrum A, Kurniawati E. Obstruksi saluran napas atas grade III ec kassabach merrit syndrome , bronkopneumonia dan DIC. Medula. 2022;12(3):478-485.
24. Kurniawati et al. Efektivitas Latihan Birth Ball terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif pada Primigravida Effectiveness of Birth Ball Exercise to Decrease Labor Pain in The Active Phase of The First Stage of Labor on The Primigravida Women. J Kebidanan. 2017;5:2-3.
25. Alghadir AH, Anwer S, Iqbal A, Iqbal ZA. Test-retest reliability, validity, and minimum detectable change of visual analog, numerical rating, and verbal rating scales for measurement of osteoarthritic knee pain. J Pain Res. 2018;11:851-856. doi:10.2147/JPR.S158847
26. Arribas-Pascual M, Hernández-Hernández S, Jiménez-Arranz C, et al. Effects of Physiotherapy on Pain and Mouth Opening in Temporomandibular Disorders: An Umbrella and Mapping Systematic Review with Meta-Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2023;12(3). doi:10.3390/jcm12030788
27. Mirahmadi A, Hosseini-Monfared P, Amiri S, et al. Cross‑cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the new Knee Society Knee Scoring System (KSS). J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):858. doi:10.1186/s13018-023-04347-7
28. Rusmita E. Pengaruh Senam Hamil Yoga Terhadap Persalinan Di Rsia Limijati Bandung. J Ilmu Keperawatan. 2015;III(2):80-86.
29. Gau ML, Chang CY, Tian SH, Lin KC. Effects of birth ball exercise on pain and self-efficacy during childbirth: A randomised controlled trial in Taiwan. Midwifery. 2011;27(6):e293-e300. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2011.02.004
30. Lövdén M, Fratiglioni L, Glymour MM, Lindenberger U, Tucker-Drob EM. Education and Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Span. Psychol Sci public Interes a J Am Psychol Soc. 2020;21(1):6-41. doi:10.1177/1529100620920576
31. Harahap AP, Utami CA, Aulia R, Fauziyah T, Safitri AH. The Model of Guidance and Counseling Service Strategy and its Effect on Improving Students ’ Learning Memory. 2025;9(1):83-90.
32. Lukman Hakim A, Barokatul Fajri M, Nur Faizah E. Evaluation Of Implementation Of MBKM: Does Academic Stress Affect On Student Learning Outcomes? Int J Educ Res Soc Sci. Published online 2022:1-16.
33. Desi Handayani Lubis,Laurena Ginting NBK. Faktor – Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Persepsi Ibu Hamil Tentang Nyeri Persalinan Di Klinik Pratama Khadijah Medan. Excell Midwifery J. 2024;7(1):29.
34. Farrag RE. Using of Birthing Ball during the first Stage of Labor: Its Effect on the Progress of Labor and Outcome among Nulliparous Women. Int J Nurs Didact. 2018;8(09):01-10. doi:10.15520/ijnd.v8i09.2289
35. Yanti EM, Kurnia Utami D, Dwi Maulina A. Faktor-Faktor Yang Menyebabkan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester Iii Di Puskesmas Wanasaba. ProHealth J. 2020;17(1).
36. Ratna Sari NLPM, Parwati NWM, Indriana NPRK. The Correlation Between Mother’s Knowledge Level And Husband Support Toward Anxiety Level Of Pregnant Mother In The Third Trimester During Labor. J Ris Kesehat Nas. 2023;7(1):35-44. doi:10.37294/jrkn.v7i1.469
37. Ajeng D, Ramhadani A, Toyibah A, Kusmiwiyati A. Efektivitas Birthing Ball terhadap Nyeri Persalinan. Malang J Midwifery. 2022;4(1):22-31.
38. Nurmaisya E, Mulyati S. Evidence Based Case Report (Ebcr) : Penggunaan Birth Ball Efektif Dalam Mengurangi Nyeri Persalinan Kala I. J Kesehat Siliwangi. 2022;3(1):45-52. doi:10.34011/jks.v3i1.1197
39. Suryaningsih N, Ahmad M, Nontji W, Syam Y, Usman AN, Arsyad MA. Kombinasi Prenatal Yoga Dengan Birth Ball Efektif Terhadap Lama Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif. Media Penelit dan Pengemb Kesehat. 2024;34(4):981-992.
40. Kurniawati A, Dasuki D, Kartini F. Efektivitas Latihan Birth Ball Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif pada Primigravida. J Ners dan Kebidanan Indones. 2017;5(1):1. doi:10.21927/jnki.2017.5(1).1-10
41. Taavoni S, Abdolahian S, Haghani H, Neysani L. Effect of Birth Ball Usage on Pain in the Active Phase of Labor : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Published online 2011:137-140. doi:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2010.00013.x
Authors
Sudarto, S., Rahayu, H., Hardika, R., Amandus, H., Rangkuti, W. F. S., & Virdiyanti, R. (2025). BIRTHING BALL EXERCISE REDUCES PAIN AND ANXIETY IN LABORING MOTHERS. JURNAL RISET KESEHATAN POLTEKKES DEPKES BANDUNG, 17(2), 752–763. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v17i2.2913
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