The association of depression and fatigue with sleep disturbances in people living with HIV (PLWH): a systematic review
Abstract
Background: HIV remains a global health problem. Sleep disturbances, depression, and fatigue are among the most common problems experienced by people living with HIV. Although these problems frequently occur together, comprehensive research regarding the association between depression and sleep disturbances as well as fatigue and sleep disturbances remains limited.
Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between depression and fatigue and sleep disturbances in people living with HIV.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted across four databases PubMed, Scopus, ScientDirect and Sage covering publications from January 2016 to April 2026, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Thirteen eligible studies were reviewed . Methodological quality was evaluated using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool.
Results: A total of 13 studies were included in this systematic review. Most studies showed that depression was significantly associated with sleep disturbances among people living with HIV (PLWH), including poorer sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, and lower sleep efficiency. Fatigue was also associated with sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia and daytime sleepiness
Conclusion: Depression and fatigue are important factors associated with sleep disturbances among PLWH. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive assessment and management of sleep and psychological problems in HIV care.
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