STUDI LITERATUR: PAPARAN PESTISIDA DAN KEJADIAN GANGGUAN FUNGSI GINJAL PADA PETANI
Abstrak
Penyebab utama penyakit ginjal kronis (CKD) secara global adalah diabetes dan hipertensi, tetapi epidemi penyakit ginjal kronis yang tidak diketahui etiologi (CKDu) terjadi di Amerika Tengah dan Indonesia. Meskipun juga diamati pada wanita, CKDu terkonsentrasi pada pria di sektor pertanian. Oleh karena itu, kecurigaan awalnya jatuh pada paparan pestisida, tetapi stres panas kronis dan dehidrasi saat ini dianggap sebagai faktor etiologi utama. Menanggapi keprihatinan masyarakat dan ilmiah yang gigih tentang peran pestisida, peneliti melakukan tinjauan sistematis studi epidemiologi yang membahas hubungan antara indikator paparan pestisida dan kejadian penyakit ginjal kronis (CKD). Dari 3 studi analitik yang kami identifikasi, 2 studi menunjukkan hasil yang positif dan 1 studi negatif. Salah satu penelitian yang dilakukan di Indonesia menyelidiki interaksi antara pestisida dan paparan lain yang terkait dalam pekerjaan pertanian, khususnya faktor lingkungan (kelembaban dan suhu) yang menyebabkan timbulnya tekanan panas dan dehidrasi. Kesimpulannya, penelitian yang ada memberikan bukti yang signifikan untuk hubungan antara pestisida dan epidemi CKDu regional dan adanya peran bahan kimia pertanian nefrotoksik karena penggunaan pestisida yang buruk Penelitian di masa depan harus melakukan penilaian paparan seumur hidup terhadap pestisida spesifik yang relevan dan daya yang cukup untuk melihat interaksi dengan faktor risiko utama lainnya, khususnya tekanan panas.
Kata kunci: Agrokimia, Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (CKD), Etiologi, Paparan, Pestisida
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Referensi
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Penulis
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