STUDI LITERATUR: PAPARAN PESTISIDA DAN KEJADIAN GANGGUAN FUNGSI GINJAL PADA PETANI
Abstract
The main causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) globally are diabetes and hypertension, but the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is occurring in Central America and Indonesia. Although it is also observed in women, CKDu is concentrated in men in the agricultural sector. Hence, suspicion initially fell on exposure to pesticides, but chronic heat stress and dehydration are currently considered the main etiological factors. In response to persistent public and scientific concerns about the role of pesticides, we conducted a systematic review of epidemiological studies that examined the relationship between indicators of pesticide exposure and incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Of the 3 analytic studies we identified, 2 were positive and 1 was negative. One study conducted in the Indonesia investigated the interactions between pesticides and other related exposures in agricultural work, specifically environmental factors (humidity and temperature) that cause heat stress and dehydration. In conclusion, existing research provides significant evidence for a link between pesticides and regional CKDu epidemics and a role for nephrotoxic agrochemicals due to poor pesticide use. Future research should undertake lifetime exposure assessments to specific relevant pesticides and sufficient power to discern. interactions with other major risk factors, in particular heat stress.
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