EFEKTIVITAS BERBAGAI BENTUK LARVASIDA NABATI DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica) TERHADAP KEMATIAN LARVA Aedes aegypti

Abstract

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is one of the plants that can be used as a Botanical Larvicide. Neem contains active ingredients in the form of Meliacins, Limonoids, Azadirachtin, Meliantriol, Salanin, Nimbin, Tannins, and Margosa oil which are toxic as insecticides.  The toxic substances in neem plants can interfere with the metamorphosis process of insects resulting in larval mortality.  The use of botanical larvicides is far more environmentally friendly compared to synthetic larvicides. The purpose of the research was to determine the differences between various forms of botanical larvicides, namely liquid neem leaf extract and powdered neem leaf extract on Aedes aegypti larval mortality.  This research is an experimental study using a pre-posttest with a control design.  The sample in this study was the larvae of Aedes aegypti instar III, amounting to 25 in each treatment.  The research was conducted by making various concentrations of liquid and powdered forms of neem leaf extract for every five treatments, namely 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%, respectively.  Each concentration was repeated 4 times.  Aedes aegypti larvae in the container were exposed using liquid or powdered neem leaf extract, then observed and counted the number of deaths for 24 hours.  The results showed that the highest mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae was at a concentration of 2.5% liquid neem leaf extract, causing mortality of 48 larvae (48%) compared to powdered neem leaf extract, which caused mortality of only 28 larvae (28%). Meanwhile, there was no mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae found in the control group.  The results of the Two-Way Anova test with a p-value of 0.000 showed that there were differences between liquid neem leaf extract and powdered neem leaf extract in the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. Based on the research, the use of neem leaf extract is suggested for sanitation and drinking water.

Key words: Neem (Azadirachta indica), Botanical Larvicide, Aedes aegypti larva